What kind of oil does the rough terrain forklift need to replace?

What kind of oil does the rough terrain forklift need to replace? How to select?

The oil commonly used in rough terrain forklift (four-wheel drive) mainly includes engine oil, engine diesel, torque converter/transmission oil (hydraulic transmission oil), drive axle oil, hydraulic oil used in hydraulic system and grease used in articulated pins. Correct selection and use of these oil products is of great significance to maintain normal operation of each system, reduce wear and tear, and prolong service life of the machine.

1. Engine Lubricants

(1) Viscosity grade and quality grade

At present, the widely used oil viscosity classification in the world is the classification standard of SAE (American Association of Automotive Engineers). For example, SAE5W/40 or SAEl5W/40, "W" means winter. The smaller the number before it, the more viscous the oil is.

Thin, better liquidity, better protection for engine during cold start. The figure after "W" indicates the high temperature resistance of the oil. The higher the value, the better the protection of the oil at high temperature and the resistance of the oil with high viscosity to the motion system is also in phase.

For higher, it not only consumes power and increases oil consumption, but also easily oxidizes oil, affecting protection during cold start.

API (American Petroleum Institute) grade is generally used to represent the classification of engine oil quality. It uses simple codes to describe the working ability of engine oil. For diesel engines used in off-road forklift trucks and other construction machinery, the oil quality level has been from "SA"

To "SL", the lower the letter, the higher the quality level. With each increment of the letter, the oil performs better than the previous one and has more additives to protect the engine.

CD grade oil is recommended for rough terrain forklift truck because of its bad working conditions and heavy working load. CD-grade SAE20W/40 is recommended for the south, CD-grade SAE5W/30 or 10W/30 is recommended for the north, and CE, CF and higher grade oils are required for some imported engines, such as Cummins engines, which require CF-4 or higher.

2. Engine Diesel

Diesel fuel with sulfur content less than 0.5% is generally used. If the sulfur content is high, the oil change cycle will be shortened. General loader diesel oil uses light diesel oil specified in GB252-1994, which is suitable for high-speed diesel engines with full load speed over 1000r/min.

3. Torque Converter/Transmission Oil (Hydraulic Drive Oil)

(1) Function of hydraulic transmission oil

(1) Hydraulic transmission oil is the medium for energy transmission of hydraulic torque converter.

(2) Lubricate gears and bearings of the transmission.

(3) Hydraulic fluid for friction clutch of transmission.

(4) As coolant for torque converter and transmission.

(2) Selection of hydraulic transmission oil

The normal working temperature of the hydraulic transmission oil is 82~95 C, sometimes up to 120 C. Because of the special requirements for the oil used for hydraulic transmission, there is no national standard to stipulate its quality level and viscosity requirement. The hydraulic transmission oil used in general loaders is our country.

No. 6 hydraulic transmission oil in enterprise standard of Lanzhou Refinery and Daqing Petrochemical General Plant is mainly used for hydraulic transmission oil of internal combustion locomotives and construction machinery.

China Standard for Classification of Gear Oil Quality for Vehicles GB7631. 7-95 referring to API, the quality grade classification is divided into CLC, CLD and CLE, among which CLE is equivalent to GL-5 in APL classification. CLE grade gear oil is recommended for general loader drive axles.

4. Drive axle brake oil (brake oil)

The off-road forklift drive axle brake oil (non-full hydraulic brake) generally uses GB12981? HZY3 synthetic brake fluid as specified in 91 corresponds to SAEL703C oil as specified in API.

5. Hydraulic fluid

Viscosity is an important performance index of hydraulic oil, because the lower the viscosity, the smaller the power loss and the higher the mechanical efficiency; Low viscosity reduces volumetric efficiency, so optimum viscosity meets minimum wear requirements for bearings and hydraulic pumps, while also considering low temperatures

Yes. Generally GB11118 is selected for hydraulic oil made in China. 1. Mineral oil type and synthetic hydrocarbon type hydraulic fluids specified in 94. As the off-road forklift truck operates under harsh conditions, heavy workload and high temperature of hydraulic oil, the advanced anti-wear hydraulic oils type L HM32 and L HM46 are generally used.

No. 3. Low-condensation hydraulic oils L HV32 and L HV46 are recommended at low temperatures.

6. Grease

This common multi-purpose grease contains 1% to 5% molybdenum disulfide and is also a suitable corrosion inhibitor. This grease is suitable for various hinges, plain bearings, swing frame bearings, drive shafts, etc., and has a wide range of uses. The grease must be a mixture of high-grade lithium base and E.P. additives with stable chemical properties, no hardening, no leakage or dripping over the entire working range. Generally, grease No. 1 or No. 2 specified by NLGI (American Lubricating Grease Association) is used for a wide range of temperatures and for low temperatures.

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